What are the two main parts of logic?

The two main parts of logic are deduction and induction. Deduction involves reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions. It is a top-down approach where you start with a general statement or hypothesis and deduce specific instances that logically follow. For example, if all humans are mortal, and Socrates is a human, then it logically follows that Socrates is mortal.

Induction, on the other hand, is a bottom-up approach where specific observations or cases are used to form a general conclusion. It involves gathering specific instances and inferring a broader principle from them. For instance, if you observe that the sun has risen every day of your life, you might inductively infer that the sun will rise tomorrow as well.

Together, deduction and induction form the foundational methods of logical reasoning, each serving different purposes in the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence and established principles. The other options either refer to irrelevant concepts (such as reasoning and emotion) or to processes that do not encompass the entirety of logic, underscoring the importance of both deduction and induction in logical thinking.