What is defined as a comparison of two dissimilar things that shows a similarity through analogy?

The concept of a comparison of two dissimilar things that highlights a similarity is best captured by the term "analogy." An analogy serves to draw parallels between two different subjects, often to clarify or explain one by using the familiar aspects of the other. It helps in illustrating complex ideas or relationships by framing them in a more relatable context.

In many instances, analogies are used to explain concepts in various fields such as literature, science, and education, enabling deeper understanding through the connection of different ideas or entities. By presenting a familiar scenario alongside the unfamiliar, analogies can simplify complex topics or bridge understanding.

A metaphor, while related, specifically states that one thing is another, creating a direct equivalence rather than a comparison of similarities. Hypotheses and theorems pertain more specifically to scientific and mathematical domains, respectively, focusing on assumptions or proven statements rather than the relational comparisons that an analogy provides.