What typically does not belong to the four types of innovation?

The concept of innovation is generally categorized into four main types: product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, and organizational (or management) innovation. Each category focuses on different aspects of development and improvement within a business or industry.

Product innovation refers to the introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved in terms of its characteristics or intended uses. Process innovation involves changes in the way products or services are created or delivered, leading to improved efficiency.

Marketing innovation is focused on new marketing strategies that can significantly improve a firm's marketing practices, including changes in product design or packaging, positioning, promotion, or pricing strategies. Organizational innovation, which may also be referred to as management innovation, encompasses changes in business practices, workplace organization, or external relations that enhance the firm's overall efficacy.

Design, while important, is generally viewed as a component or aspect of product innovation rather than a standalone category of innovation. Therefore, it does not represent a separate type of innovation in the conventional framework. By distinguishing between these categories of innovation, it becomes clear that design operates more as a function of product development rather than a standalone category that fits alongside the other recognized types.